What Is Piracetam (Nootropil)
Piracetam (2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine-acetamide) is the most common of the nootropic drugs, as noted by PubMed.gov. There are many uses of the drug and some of the main benefits include “improved learning, memory, brain metabolism, and capacity” it’s called “smart drugs”. Piracetam is also known as Nootropil, Nootrop, Nootropyl, Normabrain, Norzetam, Piracetamas, Piracetamum, Pyracetam, UCB-6215.
Piracetam was synthesized by Corneliu E. Giurga in the 1960′s, from which he described it as a Nootropic, as the compound increased cognitive abilities and brain function.
Why Piracetam is Deemed a Nootropic
- Giurgea, (founder of Piracetam) coined the term Nootropic, and stated that one should have the following characteristics.
- They should enhance learning and memory.
- They should enhance the resistance of learned behaviors/memories to conditions which tend to disrupt them, like electroconvulsive shock, and hypoxia.
- They should protect the brain against various physical or chemical injuries.
- They should increase the efficacy of the tonic cortical/subcortical control mechanisms.
- They should lack the usual pharmacology of other psychotropic drugs, like sedatives, or motor stimulants, and possess little to no side effects as well as extremely low levels of toxicity.
Piracetam Typical Dosing, Recommended Dosages
The bioavailabilty of Piracetam, consumed orally, is relatively high, upwards of 100% (with a half life of 4-5 hours), meaning virtually all of the compound enters the bloodstream unchanged and its benefits can be experienced for hours. It is rapidly absorbed in the bloodstream, and reaches its peak effect (plasma concentration) within 30 minutes of digestion.
Typical dosing for adults
800mg – 2400mg taken 1-2 times per day (It is always wise to start with a smaller dose at first, with any supplement)
Prescription dosages for cognitive disorders and vertigo are typically on the higher end, about 2400mg – 4800mg/day.
At Performance Nootropics our doses typically consist of 1200mg – 2000mg per dose 1-2 times per day, sometimes 3.
Side Effects
Piracetam is one of the most well-known of the nootropic supplement family. Not only has Piracetam received a considerable amount of study and attention since its synthesis in the 1960′s, it has been widely regarded as very safe. Despite the general consensus, there is always possibility of adverse side affects which include weight gain, nervousness, shakiness, sleepiness, and headaches. It should be noted that the vast majority of Piracetam users have not reported any side affects, at all.
Pharmacology
Pharmacological Action
Neuroprotective Agents – Drugs intended to prevent damage to the brain or spinal cord from ischemia, stroke, convulsions, or trauma. Some must be administered before the event, but others may be effective for some time after. They act by a variety of mechanisms, but often directly or indirectly minimize the damage produced by endogenous excitatory amino acids.
Nootropic Agents – Drugs used to specifically facilitate learning or memory, particularly to prevent the cognitive deficits associated with dementias. These drugs act by a variety of mechanisms. While no potent nootropic drugs have yet been accepted for general use, several are being actively investigated.
Biomedical Effects and Toxicity
Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
- Piracetam is rapidly and almost completely absorbed. Peak plasma levels are reached within 1.5 hours after administration. The extent of oral bioavailability, assessed from the Area Under Curve (AUC), is close to 100% for capsules, tablets and solution.
- Peak levels and AUC are proportional to the dose given. The volume of distribution of piracetam is 0.7 L/kg, and … Clearance of the compound is dependent on the renal creatinine clearance and would be expected to diminish with renal insufficiency.
- Piracetam is excreted in human breast milk.
- Piracetam crosses the blood-brain and the placental barrier and diffuses across membranes used in renal dialysis.
- Piracetam is excreted almost completely in urine and the fraction of the dose excreted in urine is independent of the dose given.
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